Hindi G-Force
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What is g-force? In physics and related fields, especially aerospace science, g-force is a common term that means acceleration (that is, a change in motion) specifically caused by gravity. This definition of g-force is sometimes stretched to include the feeling of acceleration caused by other types of force, such as the force a driver feels when pressed into the seat by accelerator of the car. In that application, "g" is more like a unit of measure, equal to the acceleration caused by gravity at the surface of the earth. However, the meaning of g-force used in this lesson focuses on the gravitational force exerted by all massive objects, which invisibly pulls every other massive object across even great distances.
The strength of an object's g-force, and therefore the acceleration it causes in other objects, depends on two factors: the mass of the object (the total amount of matter it contains), and the distance between the center of that object and the center of the object being affected. In the case of a planet, this distance can often be understood as the radius of the planet, meaning the distance from its surface to its center. Using this information and the total mass of the planet, the g-force at the planet's surface can be calculated. Such information is highly valuable for space exploration and astronomy applications, as well as for a deeper understanding of how the universe works.
Because g-forces depend on the distance between the centers of objects, they can strengthen or weaken depending on how far apart those objects are. Earth's gravity pulls a tiny bit less strongly at the top of Mount Everest than it does at the bottom of Death Valley, though a person visiting both locations probably wouldn't notice the difference. There's also variation in earth's gravitational pull between its poles and equator: since Earth spins, objects on earth's equator are pulled slightly outward and away from the planet by their own inertia, which is a centrifugal force directed away from the planet. However, even that force is overwhelmed by earth's gravity, so the difference in g-forces between poles and equator isn't noticeable to everyday human perception.
Furthermore, earth's density isn't uniform. Earth's core is full of metal, and its surface is mostly covered in water. Since g-force is also based on mass, this means that where earth is less dense, its gravitational pull is less; and where it's more dense (such as where dense rock and metal are gathered), its pull is greater. Again, the difference in the value of g is tiny in each case. To dramatically decrease the pull of earth's gravity on an object, the object must be moved far out into space, thousands of kilometers from the planet. This is part of why it is easier for a spacecraft to leave earth's orbit than it is for the same craft to blast off from earth's surface.
Every human being on earth's surface can feel the force of earth's gravity almost all the time: It's the property commonly known as weight, the force of gravity that acts upon an object. On earth, weight is felt as a downward pull, either on an object one holds or on one's own body. Weight is not the same as mass, but it does depend on mass. The greater the mass of an object, the more strongly it's pulled by g-forces. It's important to note this doesn't necessarily translate to a faster acceleration (a higher g value). On earth, all objects, from a marble to an anvil, fall at close to the same rate of acceleration, about {eq}9.8m/s^2 {/eq}. However, it's easy to observe the anvil is harder to lift than the marble. That's because the anvil is more strongly pulled by earth's g-force.
What always happens when you throw a ball up in the air? It always