Hindi G-Force
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What is g-force? In physics and related fields, especially aerospace science, g-force is a common term that means acceleration (that is, a change in motion) specifically caused by gravity. This definition of g-force is sometimes stretched to include the feeling of acceleration caused by other types of force, such as the force a driver feels when pressed into the seat by accelerator of the car. In that application, "g" is more like a unit of measure, equal to the acceleration caused by gravity at the surface of the earth. However, the meaning of g-force used in this lesson focuses on the gravitational force exerted by all massive objects, which invisibly pulls every other massive object across even great distances.
The strength of an object's g-force, and therefore the acceleration it causes in other objects, depends on two factors: the mass of the object (the total amount of matter it contains), and the distance between the center of that object and the center of the object being affected. In the case of a planet, this distance can often be understood as the radius of the planet, meaning the distance from its surface to its center. Using this information and the total mass of the planet, the g-force at the planet's surface can be calculated. Such information is highly valuable for space exploration and astronomy applications, as well as for a deeper understanding of how the universe works.
Because g-forces depend on the distance between the centers of objects, they can strengthen or weaken depending on how far apart those objects are. Earth's gravity pulls a tiny bit less strongly at the top of Mount Everest than it does at the bottom of Death Valley, though a person visiting both locations probably wouldn't notice the difference. There's also variation in earth's gravitational pull between its poles and equator: since Earth spins, objects on earth's equator are pulled slightly outward and away from the planet by their own inertia, which is a centrifugal force directed away from the planet. However, even that force is overwhelmed by earth's gravity, so the difference in g-forces between poles and equator isn't noticeable to everyday human perception.
Furthermore, earth's density isn't uniform. Earth's core is full of metal, and its surface is mostly covered in water. Since g-force is also based on mass, this means that where earth is less dense, its gravitational pull is less; and where it's more dense (such as where dense rock and metal are gathered), its pull is greater. Again, the difference in the value of g is tiny in each case. To dramatically decrease the pull of earth's gravity on an object, the object must be moved far out into space, thousands of kilometers from the planet. This is part of why it is easier for a spacecraft to leave earth's orbit than it is for the same craft to blast off from earth's surface.
Every human being on earth's surface can feel the force of earth's gravity almost all the time: It's the property commonly known as weight, the force of gravity that acts upon an object. On earth, weight is felt as a downward pull, either on an object one holds or on one's own body. Weight is not the same as mass, but it does depend on mass. The greater the mass of an object, the more strongly it's pulled by g-forces. It's important to note this doesn't necessarily translate to a faster acceleration (a higher g value). On earth, all objects, from a marble to an anvil, fall at close to the same rate of acceleration, about {eq}9.8m/s^2 {/eq}. However, it's easy to observe the anvil is harder to lift than the marble. That's because the anvil is more strongly pulled by earth's g-force.
What always happens when you throw a ball up in the air? It always comes down, doesn't it? It doesn't continue flying up, up, and away into outer space. In fact, you'd have to work really hard to even get that ball up into outer space. Why is this? This is because the planet Earth has what is called a gravitational force. This gravitational force, also called the g-force, is the force that pulls or attracts all physical objects towards the center of our planet. And actually, it's not just the earth that has a gravitational force. We mostly focus on the g-force of planets, but all physical objects have a certain amount of gravitational force to them.
Gravity is a force that attracts objects of mass towards each other. This gravitational force is the force that causes things to accelerate. So, it is the g-force that gives you the amount of acceleration caused by gravity. When you place a marble on the side of a hill, you'll see the marble begin to accelerate as it makes its way down to the bottom. That's gravity at work.
The g-force formula described here is based on Newton's law of universal gravitation. Sir Isaac Newton wrote this law in 1687, after studying Johannes Kepler's observations of the motions of the planets in the solar system. This formula can be used to calculate the value of g at the surface of any spherical object whose mass and radius are known, whether it's a planet or a moon. The g-force equation is as follows:
A well-known object is a useful test of the g-force formula: the planet earth. Due to millennia of scientific and mathematical investigation, the radius, mass and g-value of Earth are well-known:
Using the g-force formula to calculate interplanetary g-forces is a little like exploring the universe. All one need know is the mass and radius of an object to calculate the g-force at its surface. Once that's done, the resulting g-values can be compared to earth's to imagine what it might be like to walk on another object's surface.
This lesson defines g-force as the acceleration (change in motion) caused by the force of gravity. This gravitational force is produced by any object with mass (the measure of the total amount of matter in that object). It is invisible but pulls on other massive, distant objects. The more massive the object, the stronger its g-force. The g-force is also greater when massive objects are closer to each other. One consequence of g-force is weight, the downward pull an object experiences on the surface of a planet or other massive object. Weight is a combination of mass and g-force, so it changes if an object is moved into a different gravitational field.
The gravitational constant G is a value that stays the same for any object in the universe, and it's estimated from observations of gravitational interactions. Using the gravitational constant and the g-force formula, acceleration due to gravity can be calculated for any massive object, such as a planet, whose mass and radius are known. This unlocks an important piece of information about a planet's characteristics, which is useful in space exploration and astronomy.
The little g stands for the amount of acceleration that is caused by gravity. This is what is commonly referred to as g-force. The big G is the Newton's gravitational constant, approximately 6.67 x 10-11 N * m2 / kg2. The little m stands for the mass of the object, and the r stands for the radius of the object. Usually, you'll calculate the g-force for large spherical objects like planets. You can calculate the g-force that your own body puts out, by approximating your body with a little sphere. But you will see that this force is very tiny when you compare it to the g-force of planet Earth.
To use this formula to calculate the g-force of planet Earth, you'll input the mass of planet Earth along with its radius. The gravitational constant G remains the same no matter where you are in the universe as calculated by Isaac Newton - approximately 6.67 x 10-11 N * m2 / kg2.
This equation gives you a g-force of 9.8 m / s2. This means that if you drop something from the top of a high-rise, your object will fall with an acceleration of 9.8 meters per second squared. This number for the acceleration caused by gravity is the number used in most physics problems that you'll come across.
Say you want to find the g-force of the planet Jupiter. To find your answer, you'll need to know the mass of planet Jupiter and its radius. According to NASA, Jupiter has the following specs for the mass and radius.
So, the g-force on planet Jupiter is approximately 24.8 meters per second squared. Comparing this to planet Earth's g-force of 9.8 meters per second squared, you see that Jupiter has a higher gravity. This is to be expected, since Jupiter is a much bigger planet. The larger the object, the larger its g-force.
The g-force is the gravitational force of a planet. It tells you the amount of acceleration caused by the gravity of the planet. This is what causes things to fall and stay on the ground. Actually, it's not just planets that have a g-force. Every single physical object has a certain amount of g-force to it. To calculate this g-force, use this formula:
The little g is the g-force or the amount of acceleration caused by gravity. The big G is Newton's gravitational constant, approximately 6.67 x 10-11 N * m2 / kg2. The little m is the mass of the object, and the little r is the radius of the object. To find the g-force of the object, just plug in the object's mass and radius. If your units of mass are kilograms and your units of radius are meters, then your g-force will be units of meters per second squared. 2b1af7f3a8